Types of Maternal Hypertensive Disease and Their Association with Pathologic Lesions and Clinical Factors

Hypertensive disease (HD) during pregnancy includes chronic hypertension (HTN), gestational hypertension (GH), and preeclampsia/eclampsia (PEC). Differences between types of HD have not been well studied. Clinicopathologic features were compared between the HD groups and controls. HD was associated with lower Apgar scores, intrauterine growth restriction, IUGR, and delivery at an earlier gestational age (GA). IUGR was less common in the GH group, gestational age was lowest in the PEC. As expected, HD is associated with placental lesions of malperfusion, younger GA, and increased incidence of IUGR and controls showed less chronic and more "acute" lesions (ACA, MEC). Finally, comparisons of the HD groups showed differences only in GA and IUGR in the GH group as compared to the HTN and PEC groups. This suggests that GH may be associated with less severe clinical disease while showing similar pathologic features.