Blockchain-based Interoperable Healthcare Using Zero-knowledge Proofs and Proxy Re-Encryption

The development of a robust, transparent and interoperable E-healthcare infrastructure has been a difficult task due to many regulations and legislatures like HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) and GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation). Healthcare service providers prefer to store data about their patients in locked up silos, behind often inadequate layers of security and firewalls. Such an approach results in data breaches and limits the ability to get a holistic view of the medical history of a patient. The obscure cost of treatment is another issue brought to attention recently in media. In this paper, we have proposed a national blockchain framework for managing patients' Electronic Health Records (EHRs) access control and funds in the context of India's National healthcare scheme. We introduce a transparent insurance claim process for healthcare providers and an auditable trail of EHR access using smart contracts. We use a smart card approach allowing beneficiaries to authenticate their identity using zero-knowledge proofs and delegate access to service the providers via proxy re-encryption.