Expression and subcellular distribution of native estrogen receptor β in murine C2C12 cells and skeletal muscle tissue

We have recently described the expression and intracellular localization of ER alpha in murine C2C12 cells and skeletal muscle tissue. In separate studies, a protective role of 17 beta-estradiol against apoptosis exerted mainly at the mitochondrial level was also shown in the C2C12 muscle cell line. However, this functional evidence was in accordance with the participation of ER beta. We have then here investigated the expression and subcellular distribution of native ER beta in similar skeletal muscle cultured cells and tissue developed in vivo. ER beta was detected by immunoblotting using specific antibodies and ligand blot analysis after subcellular fractionation. Immunolocalization was confirmed using conventional and confocal microscopy. ER beta was found to a great extent in mitochondria and in lower amounts in the cytosolic fraction, differently to ER alpha which localizes in microsomes, cytosol, mitochondria, and also in the nucleus of muscle tissue. ER beta expression was also demonstrated by RT-PCR. Finally, the mitochondrial localization of native ER beta in C2C12 muscle cells was corroborated after transient transfection with specific ER beta siRNAs. These data raise the possibility that the antiapoptotic action of 17 beta-estradiol in muscle cells may be related in part to a direct action of the hormone on mitochondria through ER beta. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.