Autophagic feedback-mediated degradation of IKKα requires CHK1-and p300/CBP-dependent acetylation of p53

In our previous report, we demonstrated that one of the catalytic subunits of the I kappa B kinase (IKK) complex, IKK alpha (encoded by CHUK), performs an NF-kappa B-independent cytoprotective role in human hepatoma cells under the treatment of the anti-tumor therapeutic reagent arsenite. IKK alpha triggers its own degradation, as a feedback loop, by activating p53-dependent autophagy, and therefore contributes substantially to hepatoma cell apoptosis induced by arsenite. Interestingly, IKK alpha is unable to interact with p53 directly but plays a critical role in mediating p53 phosphorylation (at Ser15) by promoting CHK1 activation and CHK1-p53 complex formation. In the current study, we found that p53 acetylation (at Lys373 and/or Lys382) was also critical for the induction of autophagy and the autophagic degradation of IKK alpha during the arsenite response. Furthermore, IKK alpha was involved in p53 acetylation through interaction with the acetyltransferases for p53, p300 (also known as EP300) and CBP (also known as CREBBP) (collectively p300/CBP), inducing CHK1-dependent p300/CBP activation and promoting p300-p53 or CBP-p53 complex formation. Therefore, taken together with the previous report, we conclude that both IKK alpha- and CHK1-dependent p53 phosphorylation and acetylation contribute to mediating selective autophagy feedback degradation of IKK alpha during the arsenite-induced proapoptotic responses.