Heartstart Scotland: the use of paramedic skills in out of hospital resuscitation

Objective-To assess the frequency with which paramedic skills were used in out of hospital cardiac arrest and the effect of tracheal intubation on outcome. Design-Retrospective analysis of ambulance service reports and hospital records. Setting-Scottish Ambulance Service and hospitals admitting acute patients throughout Scotland. Results-A total of 8651 out of hospital resuscitation attempts were recorded and tracheal intubation was attempted in 3427 (39.6%) arrests. One hundred and thirty six patients (3.7%) were intubated and 476 (9.1%) of the patients who were not intubated survived to hospital discharge (p < 0.001). Among the patients who were defibrillated the proportion intubated was highest in the patients who received the greatest number of shocks (p < 0.01). Among subjects receiving similar numbers of shocks survival rates were lower for intubated patients (p < 0.01). Patients with unwitnessed arrests were most frequently intubated and survival rates were lowest in this group. Conclusions-Patients who are intubated seem to have lower survival rates. This may however reflect the difficulty of the resuscitation attempt rather than the effects of intubation. The use of basic life support skills rapidly after cardiac arrest is associated with the best survival rates.