Prevalence of clinical signs and pain symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and associated factors in adult Finns

Objective:To assess the prevalence of clinical signs and pain symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and associated factors in the Finnish adult population, as well as the association between self-reported TMD pain symptoms and clinical signs. Material and methods:The sample consisted of 1577 Finnish adults who participated in the Health 2011 Survey (BRIF8901). Signs of TMD were assessed using clinical examination, and TMD pain symptoms were inquired using validated questions. Results:Of the study subjects, 35% showed at least one sign of TMD, 8% reported weekly facial pain and 6% weekly pain when biting or jaw opening. According to logistic regression, female gender, poor general health and low level of education increased the risk for most TMD signs and TMD pain symptoms. Muscle or TMJ pain on palpation associated significantly with self-reported weekly facial pain or pain when biting or jaw opening. Conclusion:Over a third of the population showed clinical signs of TMD and less than one-tenth reported TMD pain symptoms. An assessment of a patient's general health needs to be a part of TMD diagnosis and treatment. The Finnish versions of the validated questions are applicable for screening of TMD pain.