Molecular mechanisms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene regulation

GnRH plays a critical role in regulating mammalian reproductive development and function of the anterior pituitary, GnRH binds to the GnRH receptor GnRHR on the cell surface of pituitary, gonadotropes. Here, it activates intracellular si,signal transduction pathways to effect both the synthesis and intermittent release of the gonadotropins LH and FSH. These hormones then enter the systemic circulation to regulate gonadal function, including steroid hormone systemic and,gametogenesis. The response of pituitary gonadotropes to GnRH correlates directly tl,with the cor concentration of GnRHR oil the cell surface, which is Il mediated, at least in part, at the level of gene expression. A number of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors art known, to regulate GnRHR gene expression. This ni article reviews in detail the role of the GnRHR ill the hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the factors mediating expression of this gene. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate transcription of the GnRHR gene will further our knowledge about the role of this receptor in mammalian reproductive physiology in health and disease. Copyright (C) 1999 by the Society for Gynecologic Investigation.