In Vivo Imaging of the Tumor-Associated Enzyme NCEH1 with a Covalent PET Probe

Herein, we report the development of an(18)F-labeled, activity-based small-molecule probe targeting the cancer-associated serine hydrolase NCEH1. We undertook a focused medicinal chemistry campaign to simultaneously preserve potent and specific NCEH1 labeling in live cells and animals, while permitting facile(18)F radionuclide incorporation required for PET imaging. The resulting molecule, [F-18]JW199, labels active NCEH1 in live cells at nanomolar concentrations and greater than 1000-fold selectivity relative to other serine hydrolases. [F-18]JW199 displays rapid, NCEH1-dependent accumulation in mouse tissues. Finally, we demonstrate that [F-18]JW199 labels aggressive cancer tumor cells in vivo, which uncovered localized NCEH1 activity at the leading edge of triple-negative breast cancer tumors, suggesting roles for NCEH1 in tumor aggressiveness and metastasis.