Theoretical study of an evanescent optical integrated sensor for multipurpose detection of gases and liquids in the Mid-Infrared

A theoretical study of evanescent optical sensor for multipurpose detection in the Mid-Infrared of gases and pollutants in water is presented in this paper. The opto-geometrical parameters of the transducers - ridge waveguides - have been optimized in order to obtain the highest evanescent power factor for monomodal propagation in the Mid-Infrared. The highest sensitivity has been obtained for a configuration with an optimal length of waveguide L-ops = 4.3 cm for intrinsic propagation loss equal to 1 dB/cm. Then a spiral waveguide configuration is suggested to obtain this optical length path in a monolithic structure. A numerical example is also included using a ridge waveguide based on chalcogenide glasses (GeSbSe). In case of gas detection, a generic calculation of the minima concentrations to be detected as a function of the molar absorption for any working wavelength is presented. Extremely low limits of detection can be achieved due to the strong absorption coefficients of gases and chemical species in the Mid-Infrared spectral range, 268 ppb in case of carbon dioxide at lambda =4.3 p.m, 1.848 ppm and 781 ppb for methane at lambda=3.31 pm and at lambda=7.66 pm respectively. For the pollutants detection in water, an improvement of the integrated structure has been proposed to avoid water absorption in this spectral region by deposing a polymer (PIB) as waveguide superstrate, thus the limit of detection for toluene is 26 ppb at lambda=6.68 pm. These concentration minima that could be detected by the Mid-IR sensor are lower than the threshold limit values determined in the international environmental and health standards. Hence this integrated optical sensor may be considered as an attractive support tool in monitoring environmental and health fields. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.