The organizational evolution, systematic construction and empowerment of Langde Miao's community tourism

Tourism in the village of Langde Miao is an example of ethnic village tourism in China. Its mode of operation and organization - nity guidance, public participation, and its work point system is known as the "Langde Mode". Its success, both social and financial, provides an ideal model by which to investigate community empowerment and its role in promoting tourism. To this end, using literature reviews and empirical research, this paper evaluates the Langde Miao people's community participation in its tourism. It is suggested that the evolution of the Lande Miao community's organizational and systematic skills to develop tourism have fostered the local community's economic, social, and political success. This success can then further support community empowerment, requiring limited subsequent intervention by the government. It is suggested that the model can then be expanded to other localities throughout China. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.