Mindfulness, Anxiety Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Heart Failure

Background: An estimated 6.5 million American adults live with heart failure (HF). Elevated anxiety symptoms may worsen HF symptoms and contribute to decreases in overall quality of life (QOL). Mindfulness has been associated with better psychological health with lower levels of anxiety symptoms. Mindfulness may be a modifiable target for reducing anxiety symptoms and increasing QOL in patients with HF. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the relationships among anxiety symptoms, dispositional mindfulness, and QOL in patients with symptomatic HF. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from 70 participants. We performed descriptive statistics, bivariate Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression. Results: The sample included 70 individuals with a mean age of 65 +/- 10.5 years, 89% male, mean left ejection fraction of 45.7 +/- 13.6, mean total QOL of 36.9 +/- 21.7, mean total mindfulness of 82.2 +/- 12.8, and mean anxiety of 4.8 +/- 2.9. In multiple regression analyses, total mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (beta = -0.491,P< .01), greater observational mindfulness was significantly associated with lower anxiety (beta = -0.377,P< .01), and greater nonreactivity to inner experience was significantly associated with lower anxiety (beta = -0.320,P< .05). Lower anxiety was associated with greater total QOL (beta = 0.488,P< .01), greater physical QOL (beta = 0.381,P< .01), and greater emotional QOL (beta = 0.639,P< .01). Conclusions: Mindfulness may be a way of improving both anxiety symptoms and QOL in this population.