Objective: To investigate the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure clinical efficacy of aid. Methods: A hospital in November 2013 - 62 patients as research subjects in November 2015 admitted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure must rescue line. First given to patients' routine first aid measures, such as continuous low flow oxygen, expectorant drugs, antibiotics, antispasmodic drugs and correct patient acid-base imbalance and electrolyte imbalance. Based on the above treatment, the timely implementation of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with first aid. Observe and record the respiratory rate in patients with PH values before and after first aid, (RR), heart rate (HR), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO 2), arterial oxygen content (SaO 2) and other clinical symptoms signs, and record patient emergency treatment effectiveness. Results: After a clinical emergency, emergency effective 55 cases, ineffective in 7 cases, 3 cases of sudden death in the rescue process, the total effective rate was 88.71%. Patients after emergency RR, HR, PaO 2, PaCO 2 and SaO 2 than the former aid were improved significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions: In clinical emergency COPD patients with respiratory failure when using conventional aid measures with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can effectively save the lives of patients, improve clinical symptoms, should be promoted in clinical practice.