Use of steroids in neuro-oncology

Corticosteroids are widely used in routine clinical practice in neuro-oncology. However, despite their widespread use, there is no established consensus on their indications, dosages and dosage schedule. This article reviews the mechanism of action of corticosteroids, their indications for use, side effects and the appropriate management, dosage and duration of therapy, as well as the role of new treatments currently being use to treat cerebral oedema. The most widely used corticosteroid in neuro-oncology is dexamethasone, probably due to its low mineralocorticoid effect and its long half-life. Its effect on cerebral oedema is fundamental in the symptomatic control of patients with brain tumours. It is recommended to start treatment only in symptomatic patients, in doses of 4-8 mg/24 h, always seeking the minimum effective dosage. Side effects associated with corticosteroid use are common and have a negative impact on patient's quality of life.