β-adrenergic receptor subtype effects on stress fever and thermoregulation

Exposure to psychological stress increases body temperature (Tb). This stress fever may be immunologically beneficial in some patient populations but detrimental in others (e.g., HIV-infected individuals). For this reason, it is desirable to determine pharmacological methods of preventing stress fever. In rats, stress fever is modeled by exposure to a novel environment or 'open field.' The P-adrenergic antagonists, nadolol and propranolol, block this stress fever. Neither of these beta-antagonists discriminates between subtypes of beta-receptors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contribution of the different beta-receptor types to stress fever using beta(1)-, beta(2)-, and beta(3)-receptor subtype selective antagonists (atenolol [beta(1)], ICI-118551 [beta(2)], and SR 59230A [beta(3)]) and agonists (dobutamine [beta(1)], salbutamol [beta(2)], and BRL 37344 [beta(3)]) on the Tb of rats. Tb was measured with a biotelemetry system. Our data suggest that central nervous system beta-receptor blockade with subtype-selective antagonists prevents the stress-induced rise in Tb; however, the beta(3)-antagonist was effective only at doses that produced hypothermia in a non-stressed control group. The stress-induced fever was mimicked by central nervous system administration of the selective beta(2)-agonist, salbutamol, and the beta(3)-agonist, BRL 37344. We hypothesize that the blockade of stress-induced fever by beta-blockers may be due to the sedative actions of these drugs.