GPRC5B Activates Obesity-Associated Inflammatory Signaling in Adipocytes

A genome-wide association study identified a strong correlation between body mass index and the presence of a 21-kb copy number variation upstream of the human GPRC5B gene; however, the functional role of GPRC5B in obesity remains unknown. We report that GPRC5B-deficient mice were protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance because of reduced inflammation in their white adipose tissue. GPRC5B is a lipid raft-associated transmembrane protein that contains multiple phosphorylated residues in its carboxyl terminus. Phosphorylation of GPRC5B by the tyrosine kinase Fyn and the subsequent direct interaction with Fyn through the Fyn Src homology 2 (SH2) domain were critical for the initiation and progression of inflammatory signaling in adipose tissue. We demonstrated that a GPRC5B mutant lacking the direct binding site for Fyn failed to activate a positive feedback loop of nuclear factor kappa B-inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon signaling. These findings suggest that GPRC5B may be a major node in adipose signaling systems linking diet-induced obesity to type 2 diabetes and may open new avenues for therapeutic approaches to diabetic progression.