Mechanisms of Resveratrol-Induced Inhibition of Clonal Expansion and Terminal Adipogenic Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

We show that resveratrol prevents clonal expansion and terminal adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. An early resveratrol effect was the inhibition of AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, accompanied by down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression, abrogation of retinoblastoma protein hyperphosphorylation, and subsequent inhibition of cell cycle reentry and clonal expansion, as indicated by cyclin A2 repression. Resveratrol inhibited terminal adipogenesis at the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 expression and activity. This was independent from the preceding inhibition of clonal expansion. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 overexpression and activation partially restored fatty acid-binding protein 4 induction in resveratrol-treated 3T3-L1. Resveratrol activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) but did not induce PPAR-gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1. Treatment with the Sirt1 inhibitor splitomicin augmented downregulation of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma 2 and fatty acid-binding protein 4 expressions in resveratrol-treated 3T3-L1 and did not prevent the inhibition of terminal adipogenesis. Moreover, splitomicin could not obviate resveratrol-induced cyclin D1 repression, retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation, and inhibition of clonal expansion. Our data suggest that resveratrol inhibits clonal expansion and terminal adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 by several mechanisms.