Active pixel sensor matrix based on monolayer MoS2 phototransistor array

Low-power and compact active pixel sensor (APS) matrices are desired for resource-limited edge devices. Here, the authors report a small-footprint APS matrix based on monolayer MoS2 phototransistors arrays exhibiting spectral uniformity, reconfigurable photoresponsivity and de-noising capabilities at low energy consumption. In-sensor processing, which can reduce the energy and hardware burden for many machine vision applications, is currently lacking in state-of-the-art active pixel sensor (APS) technology. Photosensitive and semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) materials can bridge this technology gap by integrating image capture (sense) and image processing (compute) capabilities in a single device. Here, we introduce a 2D APS technology based on a monolayer MoS2 phototransistor array, where each pixel uses a single programmable phototransistor, leading to a substantial reduction in footprint (900 pixels in similar to 0.09 cm(2)) and energy consumption (100s of fJ per pixel). By exploiting gate-tunable persistent photoconductivity, we achieve a responsivity of similar to 3.6 x 10(7) A W-1, specific detectivity of similar to 5.6 x 10(13) Jones, spectral uniformity, a high dynamic range of similar to 80 dB and in-sensor de-noising capabilities. Further, we demonstrate near-ideal yield and uniformity in photoresponse across the 2D APS array.