Face and neck: airway and sensorial capacities

For the assessment and the management of face and neck trauma knowledge of the neuro-anatomy and physiology of the ear, nose, throat (ENT) and head and neck (HN) region and structures is essential, as this area is particularly vulnerable to injury. Indeed, the complex anatomy and physiology in this specific area supports important basic functions. In addition, this review elaborates on upper airway and sensorial capacities. Upper airway dimensions are influenced by bony and soft tissues. Age is of fundamental importance in the upper airway assessment, as significant differences in size and proportions apply in children and adults. The cranial nerves (CN) supply motor, sensory and special sensory fibres to the upper airway. Injury of the CN is a frequent complication of trauma.