Topology optimization for compliant mechanisms, using evolutionary-hybrid algorithms and application to the design of auxetic materials

Designing micro-structures that lead to materials with negative Poisson's ratio, the so-called auxetics, is studied here with techniques of topology optimization for compliant mechanisms. Compliant mechanisms are monolithic structures that are able to deliver two or more different motions depending on the applied loading. Single and multi-objective topology optimization problems for the design of compliant mechanisms are formulated. This formulation together with simple homogenization thoughts links the behavior of the flexible microstructure with the overall, homogenized continuum and, in particular, the negative Poisson's ratio effect (auxetic material). Due to the local minima that arise, iterative local search methods are not very effective. On the other hand genuine global optimization algorithms may become too expensive, due to the large number of design variables. A hybrid method based on global optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE), using an iterative local search method as an evaluation tool is proposed and tested. The iterative local method is based on discretization of the design space with truss elements. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.