As Translation Studies becomes internationalised, the field expands and includes other disciplines. This article suggests modifications of Holmes' neap of Translation Studies by locating translation textbook work as a component in the "applied branch". This is done on the basis of a study of textbook work in China and in the West. The development and prodigious growth of translation textbooks in China are worthy of attention because textbooks front English into Chinese and from Chinese into English possess unique features that make them differ fundamentally front textbooks dealing with translation between Indo-European languages. It is equally interesting that they provide societal perspectives Stiles Studies: textbooks can be used for tracing not only developments in Translation Stiles but also political and societal changes in China. Given the societal need for translation, these textbooks have an enormous market and changes in an increasing influence oil Translation Studies as a discipline, as well as on the social and economic development ofm China and the country's status internationally.
