Economic performance and population growth are expressly linked factors, while a large population might translate to having a large labor force, several key economic factors have contributed to how the Indian and European populations have grown and what differing effects that growth has had on their developing economies. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between population growth and development of India and European countries determine if the relationship between population growth and development in India and European countries is a short-term or a long run phenomena; how do human resources make an impact on economic development of the country; to examine the sources of variations of economic growth. This study highlight some of the very important differences in the population growth rates of these two Indian and European countries and how it might explain the variation between their economic development and performance. This study will not only touch upon the pure economic data, but also find a place for political, cultural, and sociological links between the following: per capita income, fertility rates, technological advancement, population ageing, education, population control policy, and government intervention.