Governing for Integrated Water and Flood Risk Management: Comparing Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Spain and California

被引:37
作者
Serra-Llobet, Anna [1 ]
Conrad, Esther [2 ,3 ]
Schaefer, Kathleen [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst Int Studies, 215 Moses Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] Stanford Law Sch, Gould Ctr Conflict Resolut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[3] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Water West Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Catastroph Risk Management, 8th Floor Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM); integrated flood risk management; water governance; California; Spain; RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER; GOVERNANCE; ADAPTATION; POLITICS; SAFETY;
D O I
10.3390/w8100445
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Flood risk management in the context of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is becoming widely accepted as an approach to improving resilience in light of increasing flood risks due to climate change and other factors. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the governance arrangements needed for effectively implement integrated approaches to managing flood risk. We compare how IWRM and flood risk management have been operationalized within "top-down" and "bottom-up" governance arrangements in the European Union and the United States. We focus in particular on two case study regions, the Catalan coastal region in Spain and the San Francisco Bay Area in California, which have strong similarities in economy, climate, and environmental values, but different institutional settings. Our findings contribute empirical evidence of the need for a balance between "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches. While the San Francisco Bay Area's strongly collaborative and participatory approach has generated new connections among flood managers and other stakeholders, the lack of a central entity with the capacity and mandate for on-going coordination and region-wide risk assessments appears to constrain its ability to support integrated and adaptive management. The European Union's top-down approach and the presence of a central authority at the river basin scale have led to a consolidated regional plan in Catalonia encompassing all phases of flood risk management, but the degree of engagement and opportunities for knowledge-sharing among participants may be more limited.
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页数:22
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