Marine redox variations during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition on the Yangtze Platform, South China

The widely developed black shales on the Yangtze Platform recorded palaeoceanographic environment information during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. This paper describes an integrated geochemical study of rare earth elements (REEs), redox-sensitive trace elements (RSTEs), and total organic carbon (TOC) contents in Ediacaran-Cambrian black shales at Daotuo, northeastern Guizhou Province, South China. Integrated RSTE data from the Daotuo area, in combination with previously published Fe speciation and Mo-based proxies from another six sections (Shatan, Jiulongwan, Zhongling, Yangjiaping, Longbizui and Wuhe), suggest three major periods of water euxinia during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. Under these conditions, organic matter and RSTEs experienced various levels of enrichment in the black shales, especially in the lower Jiumenchong Formation. Given the patterns of Mo-U covariations, metal-oxyhydroxide particulate shuttles may have operated during the black shale deposition of the Doushantuo Formation (Member II) at Daotuo. Conspicuously, the upper slope water was oxic-dysoxic during the earliest Cambrian, as determined by the REE, RSTE data and sedimentological characteristics of the Liuchapo Formation and the basal Jiumenchong Formation. The generally low RSTE concentrations in the Bianmachong Formation black shales (Cambrian Series 2, end of Stage 3) suggest a persistently oxic water column in upper slope settings. The coincidence between the marine oxygenation and the development of the ecosystem likely indicates the galvanizing effects of enhanced oxygen and biological element content on the fauna during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.