Properties of Parallel Tetramolecular G-Quadruplex Carrying N-Acetylgalactosamine as Potential Enhancer for Oligonucleotide Delivery to Hepatocytes

被引:3
作者
Clua, Anna [1 ,2 ]
Grijalvo, Santiago [1 ,2 ]
Erande, Namrata [3 ]
Gupta, Swati [3 ]
Yucius, Kristina [3 ]
Gargallo, Raimundo [4 ]
Mazzini, Stefania [5 ]
Manoharan, Muthiah [3 ]
Eritja, Ramon [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Inst Adv Chem Catalonia IQAC CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
[2] Networking Ctr Bioengn Biomat & Nanomed CIBER BBN, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
[3] Alnylam Pharmaceut, 300 Third St, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
[4] Univ Barcelona, Dept Chem Engn & Analyt Chem, Marti & Franques 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
[5] Univ Milan, DEFENS Dipartimento Sci Gli Alimenti Nutr & Ambin, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy
关键词
G-quadruplex; N-acetylgalactosamine; antisense; oligonucleotide conjugates; asialoglycoprotein receptor; luciferase gene; gapmers; QUARTETS; PROTEIN; KINETICS; APTAMERS;
D O I
10.3390/molecules27123944
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The development of oligonucleotide conjugates for in vivo targeting is one of the most exciting areas for oligonucleotide therapeutics. A major breakthrough in this field was the development of multifunctional GalNAc-oligonucleotides with high affinity to asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) that directed therapeutic oligonucleotides to hepatocytes. In the present study, we explore the use of G-rich sequences functionalized with one unit of GalNAc at the 3'-end for the formation of tetrameric GalNAc nanostructures upon formation of a parallel G-quadruplex. These compounds are expected to facilitate the synthetic protocols by providing the multifunctionality needed for the binding to ASGPR. To this end, several G-rich oligonucleotides carrying a TGGGGGGT sequence at the 3'-end functionalized with one molecule of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) were synthesized together with appropriate control sequences. The formation of a self-assembled parallel G-quadruplex was confirmed through various biophysical techniques such as circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, polyacrylamide electrophoresis and denaturation curves. Binding experiments to ASGPR show that the size and the relative position of the therapeutic cargo are critical for the binding of these nanostructures. The biological properties of the resulting parallel G-quadruplex were evaluated demonstrating the absence of the toxicity in cell lines. The internalization preferences of GalNAc-quadruplexes to hepatic cells were also demonstrated as well as the enhancement of the luciferase inhibition using the luciferase assay in HepG2 cell lines versus HeLa cells. All together, we demonstrate that tetramerization of G-rich oligonucleotide is a novel and simple route to obtain the beneficial effects of multivalent N-acetylgalactosamine functionalization.
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页数:20
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