Chinese parents' goals and practices in early childhood

We review the literature on Chinese parents' views and practices through the lens of Confucianism. Confucianism advances seven developmental goals for children - knowledge, social norms, modesty, shame, self-restraint, filial piety, and harmonious relationships - and unique beliefs about parents' role in children's development (Guan). We examine how these goals and beliefs are reflected in parents' socialization of their young children, and how they play out in associations between parenting and children's development. We close with a contextualized, dynamic approach to the study of parenting goals and practices by describing historical shifts in China's economy, policies, and the global context that have led to marked changes in Chinese parenting. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.