Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown Stevia rebaudiana: A Case-Study on Gadobutrol

被引:2
|
作者
Scurtu, Violeta Florina [1 ,2 ]
Clapa, Doina [1 ]
Leopold, Loredana Florina [1 ,3 ]
Ranga, Floricuta [1 ,3 ]
Iancu, Stefania D. [4 ]
Cadis, Adrian Ionut [5 ]
Coman, Vasile [1 ,3 ]
Socaci, Sonia Ancuta [1 ,3 ]
Mot, Augustin C. [2 ]
Coman, Cristina [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Life Sci Inst, 3-5 Calea Manastur, Cluj Napoca 400372, Romania
[2] Babes Bolyai Univ, Fac Chem & Chem Engn, Arany Janos 11, Cluj Napoca 400028, Romania
[3] Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Fac Food Sci & Technol, 3-5 Calea Manastur, Cluj Napoca 400372, Romania
[4] Babes Bolyai Univ, Fac Phys, 1 Kogalniceanu, Cluj Napoca 400084, Romania
[5] Babes Bolyai Univ, Raluca Ripan Inst Res Chem, 30 Fantanele, Cluj Napoca 400294, Romania
关键词
gadobutrol; toxicity; free radicals; accumulation; growth; carotenoids; chlorophylls; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; ANTHROPOGENIC GADOLINIUM; TAP WATER; CONTRAST AGENTS; DENTATE NUCLEUS; HOSPITAL EFFLUENTS; SIGNAL INTENSITY; GLOBUS-PALLIDUS; SURFACE; FRESH;
D O I
10.3390/ijms231911368
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Gadolinium-based contrast agents are molecular complexes which are extensively used for diagnostic purposes. Apart from their tremendous contribution to disease diagnostics, there are several issues related to their use. They are extremely stable complexes and potential contaminants of surface and ground waters, an issue which is documented worldwide. The irrigation of fields with contaminated surface waters or their fertilization with sludge from wastewater treatment plants can lead to the introduction of Gd into the human food supply chain. Thus, this study focused on the potential toxicity of Gd on plants. For this purpose, we have studied the molecular effects of gadobutrol (a well-known MRI contrast agent) exposure on in vitro-grown Stevia rebaudiana. The effects of gadobutrol on plant morphology, on relevant plant metabolites such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, ascorbic acids (HPLC), minerals (ICP-OES), and on the generation of free radical species (MDA assay and EPR) were assessed. Exposures of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1, and 3 mM gadobutrol were used. We found a correlation between the gadobutrol dose and the plant growth and concentration of metabolites. Above the 0.1. mM dose of gadobutrol, the toxic effects of Gd+3 ions became significant.
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页数:13
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