Power Charging and Discharging Scheduling for V2G Networks in the Smart Grid

In the last few decades, environmental impact of the petroleum-based transportation system, along with the lack of oil, has led to renewed interest in Electric Vehicles (EVs). The electric power grid has to supply sufficient electric power as the energy source of EV. In order to satisfy the huge demand of electric power by the continuously growing EVs, the grid should be innovated towards smart grid with scattered structure, intermittent renewable energy, efficient scheduling policies as well as the advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). With the aid of the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) system, EVs are able to be charged or discharge according to the varying electric load and price of electricity. In this paper, we propose adaptable scheduling schemes for the electric charging/feedback of EVs in either a mobile mode or a parking mode. The charging scheduling scheme in the mobile mode focuses on minimizing the delay of charge, whereas the scheme of parking mode dedicates to minimizing the peak-to-average ratio of power grid load and the charging cost. Moreover, electricity feedback is integrated into the parking mode for the decrease of the load offered by grid. Based on the actual daily load of electric power in a city of China, simulation experiments have been conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed schemes.