Late gadolinium enhancement on CMRI in patients with LV noncompaction: An overestimated phenomenon?

Background and purpose: Subendocardial fibrosis is recognized finding in left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC); however, the evidence regarding the patterns and the frequency of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is controversial. The present study sought to assess the frequency and patterns of LGE in LVNC. Materials and methods: Patients with a diagnosis of LVNC based on the echocardiographic CMRI criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study. The myocardial noncompacted-to-compacted ratio (NC/C) was perpendicularly measured on short-axis cine images. Two observers jointly assessed the presence of LGE on short-axis LGE images. The long-axis four-chamber and long-axis two-chamber images were used to confirm the presence of LGE if needed. Results: A total of 42 patients, 20 females (47.7%) and 22 were males (52.3%), were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 32.4 years (range 18-63). LGE was identified in 2 out of 42 patients (4.7%) with LVNC. LGE was identified in the interventricular septum involving the subendocardial layer and noncompacted lateral myocardial wall involving the trabeculae at mid-ventricular and basal levels. Conclusion: LGE is uncommon in patients with LVNC. We highlight that the diagnosis of LVNC in patients with atypical LGE patterns, such as epicardial or transmural enhancement, should be reappraised and the other cardiac diseases should be discarded before establishing the final diagnosis.