Evaluation of the physicochemical parameters and inorganic constituents of honeys from the Amazon region

The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical composition and inorganic constituents of seventeen honey samples produced in Amazon region by different bee species (Scaptotrigona sp., Melipona fasciculata, Melipona flavolineata and Apis mellifera). The physicochemical parameters evaluated were pH, acidity, soluble solids, moisture, density, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose and hydroxymethylfurfural. Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, Pb and Zn contents were determined in honey samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Na and K contents were measured in honeys by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Honey samples were digested in a microwave oven using diluted nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The analytical results obtained in this study were evaluated by analysis of certified reference material (GBW 07604 Poplar leaves). The results of physicochemical analyzes showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the species, mainly regarding moisture content, acidity, density and soluble solids. In general, the honeys from Scaptotrigona sp. showed the highest levels of minerals (Ca, Cu, K, Mg), being a good source of minerals, as well as presented significant differences (at 5% of significance) in relation to the other studied species. Thus, the results indicate new information about the composition of these honeys and emphasize the need for the implementation of specific legislation for quality assessing of honey from stingless bees.