Perfectionism and achievement goals revisited: The 3 x 2 achievement goal framework

Objectives: Perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC) have shown different profiles with the 2 x 2 achievement goals in sport. Whether PS and PC also show comparable profiles with the achievement goals of the expanded 3 x 2 framework, however, is unclear. Design: Cross-sectional. Method: We examined self-reported perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and the 3 x 2 achievement goals in 136 junior athletes (mean age 17.0 years). Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that PS were positively associated with task, self-, and other-approach goals and negatively with task- and self-avoidance goals. In contrast, PC were positively associated with task-, self-, and other-avoidance goals and negatively with task- and self approach goals. Conclusions: The findings suggest that PS and PC show different profiles also with the 3 x 2 achievement goals which may help explain why the two perfectionism dimensions show differential relations with achievement-related outcomes in sport. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.