Aberrant Disgust Responses and Immune Reactivity in Cocaine-Dependent Men

被引:38
作者
Ersche, Karen D. [1 ,2 ]
Hagan, Cindy C. [1 ]
Smith, Dana G. [2 ]
Abbott, Sanja [2 ]
Jones, P. Simon [1 ]
Apergis-Schoute, Annemieke M. [1 ,2 ]
Doeffinger, Rainer [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, England
[2] Univ Cambridge, Behav & Clin Neurosci Inst, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, England
[3] Cambridge Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem & Immunol, Cambridge, England
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
Conditioned immunoactivation; cytokines; drug addiction; interleukin (IL)-6; infection susceptibility; interoception; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG-USE; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; CRACK COCAINE; DISEASE; SYSTEM; USERS; MECHANISMS; ADDICTION; CYTOKINE;
D O I
10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.004
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Background: Infectious diseases are the most common and cost-intensive health complications associated with drug addiction. There is wide belief that drug-dependent individuals expose themselves more regularly to disease-related pathogens through risky behaviors such as sharing pipes and needles, thereby increasing their risk for contracting an infectious disease. However, evidence is emerging indicating that not only lifestyle but also the immunomodulatory effects of addictive drugs, such as cocaine, may account for their high infection risk. As feelings of disgust are thought to be an important psychological mechanism in avoiding the exposure to pathogens, we sought to investigate behavioral, physiological, and immune responses to disgust-evoking cues in both cocaine-dependent and healthy men. Methods: All participants (N=61) were exposed to neutral and disgust-evoking photographs depicting food and nonfood images while response accuracy, latency, and skin conductivity were recorded. Saliva samples were collected before and after exposure to neutral and disgusting images, respectively. Attitudes toward disgust and hygiene behaviors were assessed using questionnaire measures. Results: Response times to disgust-evoking photographs were prolonged in all participants, and specifically in cocaine-dependent individuals. While viewing the disgusting images, cocaine-dependent individuals exhibited aberrant skin conductivity and increased the secretion of the salivary cytokine interleukin-6 relative to control participants. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence of a hypersensitivity to disgusting stimuli in cocaine-dependent individuals, possibly reflecting conditioned responses to noningestive sources of infection. Coupled with a lack of interoception of bodily signals, aberrant disgust responses might lead to increased infection susceptibility in affected individuals.
引用
收藏
页码:140 / 147
页数:8
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