Aristolochic Acids: Newly Identified Exposure Pathways of this Class of Environmental and Food-Borne Contaminants and its Potential Link to Chronic Kidney Diseases

被引:27
作者
Chan, Chi-Kong [1 ]
Liu, Yushuo [2 ]
Pavlovic, Nikola M. [3 ,4 ,5 ]
Chan, Wan [1 ,2 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kowloon, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[2] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Environm Sci Programs, Kowloon, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[3] Clin Ctr Nis, Clin Nephrol, Nish 18000, Serbia
[4] Univ Nis, Med Fac, Nish 18000, Serbia
[5] Serbian Med Soc, Branch Nis, Nish 18000, Serbia
[6] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Environm & Sustainabil, Kowloon, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
关键词
aristolochic acids; food contamination; environmental pollution; root uptake; aristolochic acid nephropathy; Balkan endemic nephropathy; chronic kidney disease; BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY; CHINESE HERBS NEPHROPATHY; DNA-ADDUCTS; RENAL FIBROSIS; ETIOLOGY; SOIL; ACCUMULATION; GLUTATHIONE; MECHANISM; APOPTOSIS;
D O I
10.3390/toxics7010014
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids naturally produced by Aristolochia plants. These plants were widely used to prepare herbal remedies until AAs were observed to be highly nephrotoxic and carcinogenic to humans. Although the use of AA-containing Aristolochia plants in herbal medicine is prohibited in countries worldwide, emerging evidence nevertheless has indicated that AAs are the causative agents of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), an environmentally derived disease threatening numerous residents of rural farming villages along the Danube River in countries of the Balkan Peninsula. This perspective updates recent findings on the identification of AAs in food as a result of the root uptake of free AAs released from the decayed seeds of Aristolochia clematitis L., in combination with their presence and fate in the environment. The potential link between AAs and the high prevalence of chronic kidney diseases in China is also discussed.
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页数:14
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