Tracking the reach of COVID-19 kin loss with a bereavement multiplier applied to the United States

被引:222
作者
Verdery, Ashton M. [1 ]
Smith-Greenaway, Emily [2 ]
Margolis, Rachel [3 ]
Daw, Jonathan [1 ]
机构
[1] Penn State Univ, Dept Sociol & Criminol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[2] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Sociol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[3] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Sociol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
基金
加拿大健康研究院;
关键词
COVID-19; demography; mortality; bereavement; social support; EARLY PARENTAL DEATH; OLDER-ADULTS; COMPLICATED GRIEF; KINSHIP; IMPACT; NETWORKS; FAMILY; CHILD; MORTALITY; WIDOWHOOD;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.2007476117
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a large increase in mortality in the United States and around the world, leaving many grieving the sudden loss of family members. We created an indicator-the COVID-19 bereavement multiplier- that estimates the average number of individuals who will expe-rience the death of a close relative (defined as a grandparent, parent, sibling, spouse, or child) for each COVID-19 death. Using demographic microsimulation-based estimates of kinship net-works in the United States, the clear age gradient in COVID-19 mortality seen across contexts, and several hypothetical infection prevalence scenarios, we estimate COVID-19 bereavement multi-pliers for White and Black individuals in the United States. Our analysis shows that for every COVID-19 death, approximately nine surviving Americans will lose a grandparent, parent, sibling, spouse, or child. These estimates imply, for example, that if 190,000 Amer-icans die from COVID-19, as some models project, then similar to 1.7 million will experience the death of a close relative. We demonstrate that our estimates of the bereavement multiplier are stable across epi-demiological realities, including infection scenarios, total number of deaths, and the distribution of deaths, which means researchers can estimate the bereavement burden over the course of the epidemic in lockstep with rising death tolls. In addition, we provide estimates of bereavement multipliers by age group, types of kin loss, and race to illuminate prospective disparities. The bereavement multiplier is a useful indicator for tracking COVID-19's multiplicative impact as it reverberates across American families and can be tailored to other causes of death.
引用
收藏
页码:17695 / 17701
页数:7
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