Prevalence and genetic diversity of an unusual virus associated with Kobu-sho disease of gentian in Japan

Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus (GKaV) is a recently discovered novel virus from Kobu-sho (a hyperplastic or tumorous disorder)-affected Japanese gentians. To obtain insight into GKaV transmission and pathogenesis, the genetic diversity of the virus in the putative helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding regions was studied. The extent of GKaV sequence diversity within single host plants differed within samples and between viral genomic regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 Kobu-sho-affected samples from different production areas and host cultivars revealed that GKaV populations have diverged as they became prevalent in different geographical regions. The diversification of GKaV was shown to be driven by geographical isolation rather than host adaptation; however, no geographical patterns were found. Therefore, it was not feasible to trace the pathway of GKaV spread.