Which one is the 'Gnevyshev' gap?

被引:21
作者
Kane, RP [1 ]
机构
[1] INPE, BR-12245970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil
关键词
D O I
10.1007/s11207-005-7451-7
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Gnevyshev [Solar Phys. 1, 107, 1967] showed that in solar cycle 19 (1954-1965), the coronal line half-yearly average intensity at 5303 angstrom (green line) had actually two maxima, the first one in 1957 and the second in 1959-1960. In the present communication, the structures at solar maxima were reexamined in detail. It was noted that the two-peak structure of solar indices near sunspot (Rz) maxima was only a crude approximation. On a finer time scale (monthly values), there were generally more than three peaks, with irregular peak separations in a wide range of similar to 12 +/- 6 months. The sequences were seen simultaneously (within a month or two) at many solar indices (notably the 2800MHz radio flux) at and above the photosphere, and these can be legitimately termed `Gnevyshev peaks' and `Gnevyshev gaps'. The open magnetic flux emanating from the Sun showed this sequence partially, some peaks matching, others not. In interplanetary space, the interplanetary parameters N (number density), V (solar wind speed), B (magnetic field) showed short-time peak structures but mostly not matching with the Rz peaks. Geomagnetic indices (aa, Dst) had peaked structures, which did not match with Rz peaks but were very well related to V and B, particularly to the product VB. The cosmic ray (CR) modulation also showed peaks and troughs near sunspot maximum, but the matching with Rz peaks was poor. Hence, none of these can be termed Gnevyshev peaks and gaps, particularly the gap between aa peaks, one near sunspot maximum and another in the declining phase, as this gap is qualitatively different from the Gnevyshev gap in solar indices.
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页码:387 / 407
页数:21
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