In vivo rectal wall measurements during HDR prostate brachytherapy with MOSkin dosimeters integrated on a trans-rectal US probe: Comparison with planned and reconstructed doses

Background and purpose: To study if MOSkin detectors coupled to a trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe may be used for in vivo dosimetry on the rectal wall surface during US-based HDR prostate brachytherapy and to quantify possible discrepancies between planned and delivered doses. Materials and methods: MOSkins are a specific type of MOSFET dosimeter optimized to measure dose in steep dose gradients on interfaces. Two MOSkins were assembled on a TRUS probe used for on-line treatment planning. Measurements of the dose to the rectal wall were performed over 18 treatment sessions and compared to the doses calculated on the pre-treatment plan (D-PRE) and reconstructed on post-treatment images (D-POST) Results: Averages of the absolute differences between MOSkin readings and D-PRE, MOSkin readings and D-POST and D-PRE and D-POST were 6.7 +/- 5.1%, 3.6 +/- 1.9% and 6.3 +/- 4.7%, respectively. Agreement between measurements and D-POST was significantly better than between measurements and D-PRE (p = 0.002) and D-PRE and D-POST(p = 0.004). Discrepancy between D-POST and D-PRE correlated with the time required for treatment planning. Conclusion: MOSkin dosimeters integrated to the TRUS probe proved to be an accurate instrument for measuring the dose delivered to the rectal wall in HDR prostate brachytherapy. The delivered doses may differ significantly from those calculated in the treatment plan. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.