A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid

被引:38
|
作者
Mohd, Khairatun Najwa [1 ,2 ]
Hosseinmardi, Alireza [1 ]
Martin, Darren J. [1 ]
Annamalai, Pratheep K. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Queensland, Australian Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol AIBN, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
[2] Univ Malaysia Pahang, Coll Engn Technol, Fac Chem & Proc Engn Technol, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang Kuantan 26300, Pahang Dm, Malaysia
来源
JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS | 2022年 / 7卷 / 02期
关键词
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC); Acid hydrolysis; Thermal stability; Mixed acid; Crystallinity; Production yield; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; MELT EXTRUSION; HYDROLYSIS; STABILITY; POLYPROPYLENE; DISSOLUTION; EXTRACTION; NANOFIBERS;
D O I
10.1016/j.jobab.2021.12.002
中图分类号
TB3 [工程材料学]; TS [轻工业、手工业、生活服务业];
学科分类号
0805 ; 080502 ; 0822 ;
摘要
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with distinctive shape-morphology, enhanced thermal stability and dispersibility is essential for overcoming the challenges in processing polymer/CNC nanocomposites through melt compounding at elevated temperatures. This study shows a mixed acid hydrolysis method to produce CNC with improved thermal stability and high productivity. The use of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), as a mild acid, in combination with a strong acid either sulphuric acid (H2SO4) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) leads to reduced use of strong acids and low impact on our environment. The influences of acid combination and sequence of addition on the production yield were investigated by retaining the proportion of H3PO4 to corrosive acid (H2SO4 and HCl) 4 to 1, and solid to liquid ratio 1.75. This methodology has enabled to isolate CNC with higher thermal stability, dispersibility and productivity in terms of amount acid used 1 g of CNC, as compared with single acid hydrolysis. The CNC produced using the combination of H3PO4 and HCl exhibits high thermal stability, dispersibility and rod-like shape morphology with length and width of (424 +/- 86) and (22 +/- 3) nm, respectively. Moreover, this approach has reduced H3PO4 consumption by 54% as compared with single acid hydrolysis method for the production of same amount of CNC.
引用
收藏
页码:99 / 108
页数:10
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