Kappa Distributions: Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics of Space and Astrophysical Plasmas

被引:20
作者
Livadiotis, George [1 ]
机构
[1] Southwest Res Inst, Div Space Sci & Engn, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA
基金
美国国家航空航天局;
关键词
astrophysical plasmas; kappa distributions; entropy; nonextensive statistical mechanics; NONEXTENSIVE ENTROPY APPROACH; LARGE-SCALE QUANTIZATION; SOLAR-WIND; TERMINATION SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HOT PLASMA; ELECTRONS; PARTICLES; SPECTRA; MAGNETOSPHERES;
D O I
10.3390/universe4120144
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Kappa distributions received impetus as they provide efficient modelling of the observed particle distributions in space and astrophysical plasmas throughout the heliosphere. This paper presents (i) the connection of kappa distributions with statistical mechanics, by maximizing the associated q-entropy under the constraints of the canonical ensemble within the framework of continuous description; (ii) the derivation of q-entropy from first principles that characterize space plasmas, the additivity of energy, and entropy; and (iii) the derivation of the characteristic first order differential equation, whose solution is the kappa distribution function.
引用
收藏
页数:19
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