Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans: key modulators of neuronal plasticity, long-term memory, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders

被引:19
作者
Yang, Xin [1 ]
机构
[1] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
关键词
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs); long-term memory; neuronal plasticity; perineuronal nets; psychiatric disorders; PERINEURONAL NETS PROTECT; CORTICOSPINAL TRACT AXONS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; AMYLOID-BETA; PTP-SIGMA; MEDIATED INHIBITION; FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; SENSORY AXONS;
D O I
10.1515/revneuro-2019-0117
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
The chondroitin sulfate protcoglycans (CSPGs) are large groups of heterogenous proteoglycans that are mainly expressed by reactive astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). They share similar core proteins and are post-transcriptionally modified by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. CSPGs are the major components of the perineuronal nets (PNN) that regulate the opening and closure of the critical period. Mounting reports have documented the crucial roles of CSPGs in restricting neuronal plasticity, axonal growth, and pathfinding during development as well as axonal regeneration after CNS injury. Moreover, CSPGs and PNNs modulate long-term memory, which impairments frequently happened in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review will shortly introduce the expression patterns of CSPGs during development and after injury, the PNNs constitutions, the roles of CSPGs and PNNs in axonal regrowth, discuss the most recently identified roles of CSPGs and PNNs in mediating long-term memory and their correlation with brain disorders, and finally, propose a short perspective of future investigations. Hopefully, further explorations may validate the therapeutic potentials of PNNs and CSPGs.
引用
收藏
页码:555 / 568
页数:14
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