Physical Activity and its Relation to Cancer Risk: Updating the Evidence

被引:79
作者
Kruk, Joanna [1 ]
Czerniak, Urszula [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Szczecin, Fac Phys Culture & Hlth Promot, PL-70453 Szczecin, Poland
[2] Eugeniusz Piasecki Univ Sch Phys Educ Poznan, Dept Anthropol & Biometry, Poznan, Poland
关键词
Cancer; physical activity; prevention; epidemiology; review; EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-CANCER; BODY-MASS INDEX; NIH-AARP DIET; PROSTATE-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR; PANCREATIC-CANCER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LUNG-CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE;
D O I
10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.7.3993
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Scientific evidence for the primary prevention of cancer caused by physical activity of regular moderate-intensity or greater is rapidly accumulating in this field. About 300 epidemiologic studies on the association between physical activity and cancer risk have been conducted worldwide. The objectives of this paper were three-fold: (i) to describe briefly the components of physical activity and its quantification; (ii) to summarize the most important conclusions available from comprehensive reports, and reviews of the epidemiologic individual and intervention studies on a role physical activity in cancer prevention; (iii) to present proposed biological mechanisms accounting for effects of activity on cancer risk. The evidence of causal linked physical activity and cancer risk is found to be strong for colon cancer - convincing; weaker for postmenopausal breast and endometrium cancers - probable; and limited suggestive for premenopausal breast, lung, prostate, ovary, gastric and pancreatic cancers. The average risk reductions were reported to be 20-30%. The protective effects of physical activity on cancer risk are hypothesized to be through multiple interrelated pathways: decrease in adiposity, decrease in sexual and metabolic hormones, changes in biomarkers and insulin resistance, improvement of immune function, and reduction of inflammation. As there are several gaps in the literature for associations between activity and cancer risk, additional studies are needed. Future research should include studies dealing with limitations in precise estimates of physical activity and of a lack of consensus on what defines sedentary behavior of individuals and those linked with the proposed biomarkers to cancer risk and controlled exercise intervention trials.
引用
收藏
页码:3993 / 4003
页数:11
相关论文
共 113 条
[1]   No effect of exercise on colon mucosal prostaglandin concentrations: A 12-month randomized controlled trial [J].
Abrahamson, Page E. ;
King, Irena B. ;
Ulrich, Cornelia M. ;
Rudolph, Rebecca E. ;
Irwin, Melinda L. ;
Yasui, Yutaka ;
Surawicz, Christina ;
Lampe, Johanna W. ;
Lampe, Paul D. ;
Morgan, Angela ;
Sorensen, Bess E. ;
Ayub, Kamran ;
Potter, John D. ;
McTiernan, Anne .
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, 2007, 16 (11) :2351-2356
[2]  
AICR, 2010, AICR WCRF POL ACT CA
[3]   COMPENDIUM OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES - CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY COSTS OF HUMAN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES [J].
AINSWORTH, BE ;
HASKELL, WL ;
LEON, AS ;
JACOBS, DR ;
MONTOYE, HJ ;
SALLIS, JF ;
PAFFENBARGER, RS .
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 1993, 25 (01) :71-80
[4]   Compendium of Physical Activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities [J].
Ainsworth, BE ;
Haskell, WL ;
Whitt, MC ;
Irwin, ML ;
Swartz, AM ;
Strath, SJ ;
O'Brien, WL ;
Bassett, DR ;
Schmitz, KH ;
Emplaincourt, PO ;
Jacobs, DR ;
Leon, AS .
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 2000, 32 (09) :S498-S516
[5]   Anthropometric variables, physical activity, and incidence of ovarian cancer - The Iowa Women's Health Study [J].
Anderson, JP ;
Ross, JA ;
Folsom, AR .
CANCER, 2004, 100 (07) :1515-1521
[6]  
[Anonymous], 2009, 2008 2013 ACTION PLA
[7]  
[Anonymous], CA CANC J CLIN, DOI DOI 10.3322/CAAC.20107
[8]  
[Anonymous], 2007, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer, P1, DOI [10.15173/jhap.v8i2.4060, DOI 10.15173/JHAP.V8I2.4060]
[9]  
[Anonymous], 2011, Breast Cancer Facts Figures 2011-2012
[10]  
[Anonymous], [No title captured]