Developing a custom dental porcelain shade system for computer color matching

Objectives: This study aims to update the computer color matching method by generating a new ceramic shade system that covers the entire spectrum of natural tooth color and has an efficient design. Methods: First, the color map of 176 maxillary natural incisors and two commercially available and commonly used shade guide systems (Vitapan classic and 3D master) were drawn. Then, 15 shades of layered disks (NW-0: neutral white-0, A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B4, C4, and D4, and six modifiers; white, pink, grey, blue, cervical-1 and cervical-2, Cerabien ZR) were plotted on the tooth color distribution map. Ultimately, 12 target shades were selected around the perimeter of the natural tooth color space, and nine different shades were selected within the cluster. By trial and error informed by known formulations published previously, the formulations of Cerabien ZR porcelain powders necessary to achieve these 21 target shades in thickness of 1.0 mmlayered on zirconia substrate were then determined and ceramic disks were fabricated. Results: Color distribution L*-C* and a*-b* maps showed that new 21 shade system covers a slightly broader range than the natural tooth distribution, and its distribution is larger than the 3D Master shade's range. Conclusions: In the present study, a 21 customdental porcelain shade systemwas developed with a 1.0 mmporcelain thickness overlying a zirconia substrate, which can be incorporated into the computer color matching system. This new shade system has homogeneity with 3D Master, and has a slightly wider color distribution than that of natural teeth. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.