Spinal Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy: A Novel Alternative to Surgery for Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression

BACKGROUND: Although surgery followed by radiation effectively treats metastatic epidural compression, the ideal surgical approach should enable fast recovery and rapid institution of radiation and systemic therapy directed at the primary tumor. OBJECTIVE: To assess spinal laser interstitial thermotherapy (SLITT) as an alternative to surgery monitored in real time by thermal magnetic resonance (MR) images. METHODS: Patients referred for spinal metastasis without motor deficits underwent MR-guided SLITT, followed by stereotactic radiosurgery. Clinical and radiological data were gathered prospectively, according to routine practice. RESULTS: MR imaging-guided SLITT was performed on 19 patients with metastatic epidural compression. No procedures were discontinued because of technical difficulties, and no permanent neurological injuries occurred. The median follow-up duration was 28 weeks (range 10-64 weeks). Systemic therapy was not interrupted to perform the procedures. The mean preoperative visual analog scale scores of 4.72 (SD +/- 0.67) decreased to 2.56 (SD +/- 0.71, P = .043) at 1 month and remained improved from baseline at 3.25 (SD +/- 0.75, P = .021) 3 months after the procedure. The preoperative mean EQ-5D index for quality of life was 0.67 (SD +/- 0.07) and remained without significant change at 1 month 0.79 (SD +/- 0.06, P = .317) and improved at 3 months 0.83 (SD +/- 0.06, P = .04) after SLITT. Follow-up MR imaging after 2 months revealed significant decompression of the neural component in 16 patients. However, 3 patients showed progression at follow-up, 1 was treated with surgical decompression and stabilization and 2 were treated with repeated SLITT. CONCLUSION: MR-guided SLITT can be both a feasible and safe alternative to separation surgery in carefully selected cases of spinal metastatic tumor epidural compression.