Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Hindi version of Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) in school children

Background There is a need to validate OHRQoL measures in Hindi to assess the OHRQoL of Indian children. Aim To develop a Hindi version of the CPQ(11-14)and to appraise its validity and reliability for use among North Indian children aged 11-14 years. Design The cross-culturally adapted Hindi version of CPQ(11-14)was achieved by forward translation, backward translation, committee review, and pretesting. A total of 1000 children were recruited from schools, chosen by two-stage cluster random sampling technique. After completing the self-administered questionnaire CPQ(11-14)by the child, oral examination was conducted using decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, malocclusion index, and Dean's fluorosis index. Test-retest reliability was checked on 100 participants after one week. Results Thefloor effectwas present in 3.6% individuals, and there was noceiling effect. Cronbach's alpha for the overall CPQ(11-14)scale was 0.963. Intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient was 0.952 for the entire scale. Cronbach's alpha value for test-retest was 0.918. There was a non-significant change in domain-level and overall median CPQ(11-14)scores with an increase in DMFT scores. For malocclusion and fluorosis, there was a statistically significant increase in overall and domain-level scores with increased severity scores. CPQ(11-14)and individual domains significantly correlated with both the global questions. Conclusion Hindi version of CPQ(11-14)is a reliable scale to assess OHRQoL in Hindi speaking 11- to 14-year-old children.