Cognitive development in social and cultural context

The development of thinking is discussed from a sociocultural perspective. Three features of the social and cultural context that play important roles in organizing and directing cognitive development are presented and illustrated empirically: (a) activity goals and values of the culture, (b) material and symbolic tools for satisfying cultural goals and values, and (c) higher level structures that instantiate cultural goals and values in every-day practices. The article concludes with a discussion of the utility of this approach for advancing understanding of human intellectual growth.