Non-Uniform Microphone Arrays for Robust Speech Source Localization for Smartphone-Assisted Hearing Aid Devices

Robust speech source localization (SSL) is an important component of the speech processing pipeline for hearing aid devices (HADs). SSL via time direction of arrival (TDOA) estimation has been known to improve performance of HADs in noisy environments, thereby providing better listening experience for hearing aid users. Smartphones now possess the capability to connect to the HADs through wired or wireless channel. In this paper, we present our findings about the non-uniform non-linear microphone array (NUNLA) geometry for improving SSL for HADs using an L-shaped three-element microphone array available on modern smartphones. The proposed method is implemented on a frame-based TDOA estimation algorithm using a modified Dictionary-based singular value decomposition method (SVD) method for localizing single speech sources under very low signal to noise ratios (SNR). Unlike most methods developed for uniform microphone arrays, the proposed method has low spatial aliasing as well as low spatial ambiguity while providing a robust low-error with 360A degrees DOA scanning capability. We present the comparison among different types of microphone arrays, as well as compare their performance using the proposed method.