Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Infants Born Prematurely

被引:78
作者
Aylward, Glen P. [1 ]
机构
[1] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Div Dev & Behav Pediat, Springfield, IL USA
关键词
LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE; SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; WHITE-MATTER INJURY; WORKING-MEMORY DEFICITS; EXTREMELY PRETERM BIRTH; PERINATAL BRAIN-INJURY; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES; RESEARCH NETWORK;
D O I
10.1097/01.DBP.0000452240.39511.d4
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Long-term follow-up of infants born prematurely is necessary to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly with the expansion of interest from major disabilities to high prevalence/low severity dysfunctions. Models of pathogenesis include changes due to developmental disruptions and to injury, the magnitude and type of change influenced by the infant's age, and central nervous system recovery and reorganization. Alterations in neurogenesis, migration, myelination, cell death, and synaptogenesis occur even in the absence of insult. Despite increased knowledge regarding these processes, the functional significance of brain abnormalities is unclear. Because of methodologic problems in follow-up studies, it is difficult to characterize outcome definitively. Nonetheless, an acceptable degree of agreement across studies is found with regard to specific neurodevelopmental outcomes: motor/neurologic function, visuomotor integrative skills, IQ, academic achievement, language, executive function, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/behavioral issues. In general, children born prematurely have more problems in these areas than do their normal birth weight counterparts. Suggestions for improved analyses and clarification of outcomes include use of cluster analysis, structural equation modeling, growth curve analysis, developmental epidemiologic approaches, and better control of background variables using risk indexes and factor scores. Better assessment techniques measuring functions documented to be at higher risk of problems are discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:394 / 407
页数:14
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