Higher-order finite-difference schemes for electromagnetic radiation, scattering, and penetration, part 2: Applications

Higher-order schemes for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method - in particular, a second-order-in-time, fourth-order-in-space method, FDTD(2,4) - are applied to a number of problems. The theoretical background was presented in the first part of this two-part paper. The problems include array analysis, cavity resonances, antenna coupling, and shielding-effectiveness case studies. The last includes a simplified model of a commercial airliner, with a personal electronic device operating in the vicinity of the aircraft. The FDTD computations are also compared to measured data for this case. Incorporating PEC and other types of material boundaries into higher-order FDTD is problematic; a hybrid approach using the standard FDTD method in the proximity of the boundary is proposed, and shown to perform well.