The effect of activity and face masks on exhaled particles in children

被引:0
作者
Moschovis, Peter P. [1 ,2 ,7 ,8 ]
Lombay, Jesiel [1 ,2 ]
Rooney, Jennifer [1 ,2 ]
Schenkel, Sara R. [1 ,2 ]
Singh, Dilpreet [3 ,4 ]
Rezaei, Shawheen J. [1 ,2 ]
Salo, Nora [1 ,2 ]
Gong, Amanda [5 ]
Yonker, Lael M. [1 ,2 ]
Shah, Jhill [1 ,2 ]
Hayden, Douglas [1 ,2 ]
Hibberd, Patricia L. [6 ]
Demokritou, Philip [3 ,4 ]
Kinane, T. Bernard [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA
[2] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA
[3] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA
[4] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ USA
[5] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA
[6] Boston Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA
[7] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Pulm Med, 125 Nashua St,Suite 8410, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[8] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Global Hlth, 125 Nashua St,Suite 8410, Boston, MA 02114 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Aerosol; Face masks; Respiratory particles; RESPIRATORY VIRUSES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; PREVENTION; AIRBORNE;
D O I
10.1002/ped4.12376
中图分类号
R72 [儿科学];
学科分类号
100202 ;
摘要
ImportanceDespite the high burden of respiratory infections among children, the production of exhaled particles during common activities and the efficacy of face masks in children have not been sufficiently studied. ObjectiveTo determine the effect of type of activity and mask usage on exhaled particle production in children. MethodsHealthy children were asked to perform activities that ranged in intensity (breathing quietly, speaking, singing, coughing, and sneezing) while wearing no mask, a cloth mask, or a surgical mask. The concentration and size of exhaled particles were assessed during each activity. ResultsTwenty-three children were enrolled in the study. Average exhaled particle concentration increased by intensity of activity, with the lowest particle concentration during tidal breathing (1.285 particles/cm(3) [95% CI 0.943, 1.627]) and highest particle concentration during sneezing (5.183 particles/cm(3) [95% CI 1.911, 8.455]). High-intensity activities were associated with an increase primarily in the respirable size (<= 5 mu m) particle fraction. Surgical and cloth masks were associated with lower average particle concentration compared to no mask (P = 0.026 for sneezing). Surgical masks outperformed cloth masks across all activities, especially within the respirable size fraction. In a multivariable linear regression model, we observed significant effect modification of activity by age and by mask type. InterpretationSimilar to adults, children produce exhaled particles that vary in size and concentration across a range of activities. Production of respirable size fraction particles (<= 5 mu m), the dominant mode of transmission of many respiratory viruses, increases significantly with coughing and sneezing and is most effectively reduced by wearing surgical face masks.
引用
收藏
页码:75 / 85
页数:11
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