共 36 条
Hematological Complications in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
被引:1
作者:

Ianua, Eleonora
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy

Caldarelli, Mario
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy

De Matteis, Giuseppe
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy

Cianci, Rossella
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy

Gambassi, Giovanni
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy
机构:
[1] Catholic Univ, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli, Dept Translat Med & Surg, IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy
来源:
关键词:
acquired hemophilia A;
SARS-CoV-2;
infection;
antibodies production;
immune dysregulation;
ACQUIRED HEMOPHILIA-A;
D O I:
10.3390/diseases12010005
中图分类号:
R-3 [医学研究方法];
R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号:
1001 ;
摘要:
Hemophilia A is a hemorrhagic disorder caused by insufficient or inadequate coagulation factor VIII activity. Two different forms are described: congenital, hereditary X-linked, and acquired. Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare condition and it is defined by the production of autoantibodies neutralizing factor VIII, known as inhibitors. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with a clinical diagnosis of AHA after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which has been described in association with several hematological complications. SARS-CoV-2 infection could represent the immunological trigger for the development of autoantibodies. In our patient, SARS-CoV-2 infection preceded the hemorrhagic complications by 15 days. This lag time is in line with the other cases reported and compatible with the development of an intense immune response with autoantibody production. It is possible that since our patient was affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus, he was more prone to an immune system pathological response against self-antigens. A prompt, appropriate therapeutic intervention with activated recombinant factor VII administration and cyclophosphamide has led to rapid remission of clinical and laboratory findings.
引用
收藏
页数:8
相关论文
共 36 条
[1]
Acquired Hemophilia A Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Review
[J].
Al Hennawi, Hussam
;
Al Masri, Mohammad K.
;
Bakir, Mohamad
;
Barazi, Mohidin
;
Jazaeri, Feras
;
Almasri, Talal N.
;
Shoura, Sami J.
;
Barakeh, Abdul Rahman R.
;
Taftafa, Abdulrahman
;
Khan, Muhammad K.
;
Zaleski, Henry, I
.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE,
2022, 14 (02)

Al Hennawi, Hussam
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Al Masri, Mohammad K.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Bakir, Mohamad
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Barazi, Mohidin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Jazaeri, Feras
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Almasri, Talal N.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Shoura, Sami J.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Internal Med, Chicago, IL USA Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Barakeh, Abdul Rahman R.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Taftafa, Abdulrahman
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Khan, Muhammad K.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Civil Hosp Karachi, Coll Med, Karachi, Pakistan Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Zaleski, Henry, I
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Houston Methodist Hosp, Hematol & Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[2]
Acquired hemophilia A in the United Kingdom: a 2-year national surveillance study by the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation
[J].
Collins, Peter W.
;
Hirsch, Sybil
;
Baglin, Trevor P.
;
Dolan, Gerard
;
Hanley, John
;
Makris, Michael
;
Keeling, David M.
;
Liesner, Ri
;
Brown, Simon A.
;
Hay, Charles R. M.
.
BLOOD,
2007, 109 (05)
:1870-1877

Collins, Peter W.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Hirsch, Sybil
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Baglin, Trevor P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Dolan, Gerard
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Hanley, John
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Makris, Michael
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Keeling, David M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Liesner, Ri
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Brown, Simon A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales

Hay, Charles R. M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales
[3]
Acquired haemophilia: Review and meta-analysis focused on therapy and prognostic factors
[J].
Delgado, J
;
Jimenez-Yuste, V
;
Hernandez-Navarro, F
;
Villar, A
.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY,
2003, 121 (01)
:21-35

Delgado, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Hosp Univ La Paz, Hematol Serv, Dept Haematol, Madrid, Spain

Jimenez-Yuste, V
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Hosp Univ La Paz, Hematol Serv, Dept Haematol, Madrid, Spain

Hernandez-Navarro, F
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Hosp Univ La Paz, Hematol Serv, Dept Haematol, Madrid, Spain

Villar, A
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Hosp Univ La Paz, Hematol Serv, Dept Haematol, Madrid, Spain
[4]
Acquired hemophilia A following COVID-19 vaccination - The importance of prompt diagnosis: A case report
[J].
Duminuco, Andrea
;
Calagna, Marianna
;
Markovic, Uros
;
Esposito, Benedetta
;
Grasso, Stephanie
;
Riccobene, Carla
;
Di Raimondo, Francesco
;
Giuffrida, Gaetano
.
TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE,
2023, 62 (02)

Duminuco, Andrea
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

Calagna, Marianna
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Esposito, Benedetta
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

Grasso, Stephanie
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

Riccobene, Carla
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

Di Raimondo, Francesco
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

Giuffrida, Gaetano
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy AOU Policlin G Rodol San Marco, Div Hematol BMT, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy
[5]
Covid-19 and autoimmunity
[J].
Ehrenfeld, Michael
;
Tincani, Angela
;
Andreoli, Laura
;
Cattalini, Marco
;
Greenbaum, Assaf
;
Kanduc, Darja
;
Alijotas-Reig, Jaume
;
Zinserling, Vsevolod
;
Semenova, Natalia
;
Amital, Howard
;
Shoenfeld, Yehuda
.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS,
2020, 19 (08)

Ehrenfeld, Michael
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Greenbaum, Assaf
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Jerusalem, Israel Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel

Kanduc, Darja
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Bari, Dept Biosci Biotechnol & Biopharmaceut, Bari, Italy Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel

Alijotas-Reig, Jaume
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel

Zinserling, Vsevolod
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
VA Almassov Res Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia
SP Botkin Infect Hosp, St Petersburg, Russia Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel

Semenova, Natalia
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
VA Almassov Res Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia
SP Botkin Infect Hosp, St Petersburg, Russia Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel

Amital, Howard
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel
Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Tel Aviv, Israel Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel

Shoenfeld, Yehuda
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel
Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Tel Aviv, Israel
Sechenov Univ, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Moscow, Russia Sheba Med Ctr, Zabludow Ctr Autoimmune Dis, Ramat Gan, Israel
[6]
Autoimmunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine: A Case of Acquired Hemophilia A
[J].
Farley, Scott
;
Ousley, Robert
;
Van Wagoner, Nicholas
;
Bril, Fernando
.
THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS,
2021, 121 (12)
:1674-1676

Farley, Scott
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Internal Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA Univ Alabama Birmingham, Internal Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA

Ousley, Robert
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Internal Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA Univ Alabama Birmingham, Internal Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA

Van Wagoner, Nicholas
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA Univ Alabama Birmingham, Internal Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA

Bril, Fernando
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Internal Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA Univ Alabama Birmingham, Internal Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA
[7]
Acquired hemophilia A: A concise review
[J].
Franchini, M
;
Gandini, G
;
Di Paolantonio, T
;
Mariani, G
.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY,
2005, 80 (01)
:55-63

Franchini, M
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Osped Policlin, Serv Immunoematol & Trasfus, Ctr Emofilia, I-37134 Verona, Italy

Gandini, G
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Osped Policlin, Serv Immunoematol & Trasfus, Ctr Emofilia, I-37134 Verona, Italy

Di Paolantonio, T
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Osped Policlin, Serv Immunoematol & Trasfus, Ctr Emofilia, I-37134 Verona, Italy

Mariani, G
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Osped Policlin, Serv Immunoematol & Trasfus, Ctr Emofilia, I-37134 Verona, Italy
[8]
Investigating a Signal of Acquired Hemophilia Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Case Review
[J].
Franchini, Massimo
;
Cappello, Emiliano
;
Valdiserra, Giulia
;
Bonaso, Marco
;
Moretti, Ugo
;
Focosi, Daniele
;
Tuccori, Marco
.
SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS,
2023, 49 (01)
:15-26

Franchini, Massimo
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Carlo Poma Hosp, Div Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy Carlo Poma Hosp, Div Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Bonaso, Marco
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pisa, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Unit Pharmacol & Pharmacovigilance, Pisa, Italy Carlo Poma Hosp, Div Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Moretti, Ugo
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Verona, Dept Diagnost & Publ Hlth, Sect Pharmacol, Verona, Italy Carlo Poma Hosp, Div Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Focosi, Daniele
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Pisa Univ Hosp, North Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa, Italy Carlo Poma Hosp, Div Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Tuccori, Marco
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pisa, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Unit Pharmacol & Pharmacovigilance, Pisa, Italy
Univ Hosp Pisa, Unit Adverse Drug React Monitoring, Pisa, Italy Carlo Poma Hosp, Div Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy
[9]
The first case of acquired hemophilia A associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection
[J].
Franchini, Massimo
;
Glingani, Claudia
;
De Donno, Giuseppe
;
Casari, Salvatore
;
Caruso, Beatrice
;
Terenziani, Isabella
;
Perotti, Cesare
;
Del Fante, Claudia
;
Sartori, Filippo
;
Pagani, Mauro
.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY,
2020, 95 (08)
:E197-E198

Franchini, Massimo
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Glingani, Claudia
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

De Donno, Giuseppe
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Resp Unit, Mantua, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Casari, Salvatore
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Unit Infect Dis, Mantua, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Caruso, Beatrice
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Lab, Mantua, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Terenziani, Isabella
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Lab, Mantua, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Perotti, Cesare
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Fdn IRCCS Policlin San Matteo, Apheresis & Cell Therapy Unit, Immunohaematol & Transfus Serv, Pavia, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Del Fante, Claudia
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Fdn IRCCS Policlin San Matteo, Apheresis & Cell Therapy Unit, Immunohaematol & Transfus Serv, Pavia, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Sartori, Filippo
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
ASST Mantova, Osped Destra Secchia, Dept Med, Mantua, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy

Pagani, Mauro
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
ASST Mantova, Osped Destra Secchia, Dept Med, Mantua, Italy ASST Mantova, Carlo Poma Hosp, Dept Hematol & Transfus Med, Mantua, Italy
[10]
Recombinant Activated Factor VII: Mechanisms of Action and Current Indications
[J].
Franchini, Massimo
;
Lippi, Giuseppe
.
SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS,
2010, 36 (05)
:485-492

Franchini, Massimo
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Azienda Osped Univ Parma, Dipartimento Patol & Med Lab, Serv Immunoematol & Med Trasfus, Parma, Italy Azienda Osped Univ Parma, Dipartimento Patol & Med Lab, Serv Immunoematol & Med Trasfus, Parma, Italy

Lippi, Giuseppe
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Azienda Osped Univ Parma, Dipartimento Patol & Med Lab, Lab Anal Chimicoclin, Parma, Italy Azienda Osped Univ Parma, Dipartimento Patol & Med Lab, Serv Immunoematol & Med Trasfus, Parma, Italy