Change of Human Footprint in China and Its Implications for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions

Humans have altered the earth in unprecedented ways, and these changes have profound implications for global climate change. However, the impacts of human pressures on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions over long time scales have not yet been clarified. Here, we used the human footprint index (HF), which estimates the ecological footprint of humans in a given location, to explore the impacts of human pressures on CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2017. Human pressures (+13.6%) and CO2 emissions (+198.3%) in China are still on the rise during 2000-2017 and are unevenly distributed spatially. There was a significant positive correlation between human pressures and CO2 emissions in China, and northern China is the main driver of this correlation. The increase of CO2 emissions in China slowed down after 2011. Although human pressures on the environment are increasing, high-quality development measures have already had noticeable effects on CO2 emission reductions.